= vim ~~NOTOC~~ {{tag>linux}} /vía: [[https://www.catswhocode.com/blog/vim-cheat-sheet-for-2016]]\\ /vía:[[http://www.catswhocode.com/blog/130-essential-vim-commands]] == info * [[linux:vim:vimrc]] * [[linux:vim:mlechon1aldia]] ==Plugins/extensiones/personalización https://kadekillary.work/post/statusline/ [[https://gist.github.com/millermedeiros/1262085]] * gestión/instalación plugins en sus propios directorios (runtimepath): [[https://github.com/tpope/vim-pathogen]] * crear dos directorios: ''~/.vim/autoload'' (ubicación vim-pathogen.vim) y ''~/.vim/bundle'' (home_directory de los plugins) * modificar **.vimrc** añadiendo ''execute pathogen#infect()'' * stateline.vim (requiere pathogen.vim):cd ~/.vim/bundle git clone https://github.com/millermedeiros/vim-statline.git == config # cambiar editor por defecto $ sudo update-alternatives --config editor == Basics * **[N] acción moción** * acciones: * d - delete * c - caracter sustitución * >,< - indentación, desindentación * gU,u - uppercase * y - copiar * moción * w - palabra * e - final de palabra * b - palabra anterior * ^ - principio de línea * $ - final de linea * gg - principio documento * G - final de documento * iw - inside word * aw - arorund word * . - repite última edición == more Basics * '':e'' filename : Open filename for edition * '':w'' : Save file * '':q'' : Exit Vim * '':q!'' : Quit without saving * ''%%:x%%'' : Write file (if changes has been made) and exit * '':sav'' filename : Saves file as filename * ''.'' : Repeats the last change made in normal mode * ''5.'' : Repeats 5 times the last change made in normal mode ==Moving in the file * ''0'' : move the cursor to the begining of the line * ''G'' o ''$'' : move the cursor to the end of the file * ''gg'' : move the cursor to the begining of the file * '':59'' : move cursor to line 59. Replace 59 by the desired line number. * ''k or Up Arrow'' : move the cursor up one line * ''j or Down Arrow'' : move the cursor down one line * ''e'' : move the cursor to the end of the word * ''b'' : move the cursor to the begining of the word * ''L'' : move the cursor to the bottom of the screen * ''20|'' : move cursor to column 20. * ''%'' : Move cursor to matching parenthesis * ''%%[[%%'' : Jump to function start * ''%%[{%%'' : Jump to block start ==Cut, copy & paste * ''y'' : Copy the selected text to clipboard * ''p'' : Paste clipboard contents * ''dd'' : Cut current line * ''yy'' : Copy current line * ''y$'' : Copy to end of line * ''D'' : Cut to end of line ==Search * ''/word'' : Search word from top to bottom * ''?word'' : Search word from bottom to top * ''''* : Search the word under cursor * ''/\cstring'' : Search STRING or string, case insensitive * ''/jo[ha]n'' : Search john or joan * ''/\< the'' Search the, theatre or then * ''/the\>'' : Search the or breathe * ''/\< the\>'' : Search the * ''/\< ¦.\>'' : Search all words of 4 letters * ''/\/'' : Search fred but not alfred or frederick * ''/fred\|joe'' : Search fred or joe * ''/\<\d\d\d\d\>'' : Search exactly 4 digits * ''/^\n\{3}'' : Find 3 empty lines * '':bufdo /searchstr/'' : Search in all open files * ''bufdo %s/something/somethingelse/g'' : Search something in all the open buffers and replace it with somethingelse ==Replace * comando::[rango]s[ubstitute]/{pattern}/{string}/[flags] [count] * Rango: * ''%'' : de la primera a la última línea * ''1,3'' : de la línea 1 a 3 * ''3,$'' : de la línea 3 al final de fichero * Flags: * ''g'' : global (en el ámbito, todas las sustituciones posibles) * ''i'' : case insensitive * ''c'' : confirmación * Pattern: * ''string'' : busca la cadena * ''^'' : principio de línea * ''$'' : final de línea * Ejemplos: * '':s/Bill/Steve/'' : Replace the first occurence of Bill by Steve in current line * '':s/Bill/Steve/g'' : Replace Bill by Steve in current line * '':2,35s/old/new/g'' : Replace all occurences between lines 2 and 35 * '':5,$s/old/new/g'' : Replace all occurences from line 5 to EOF * '':%s/old/new/g'' : Replace all occurences of old by new in file * '':%s/onward/forward/gi'' : Replace onward by forward, case unsensitive * '':%s/old/new/gc'' : Replace all occurences with confirmation * '':%s/^/hello/g'' : Replace the begining of each line by hello * '':%s/$/Harry/g'' : Replace the end of each line by Harry * '':%s/onward/forward/gi'' : Replace onward by forward, case unsensitive * '':%s/ *$/ /g'' : Delete all white spaces * '':%s/Bill/Steve/g'' : Replace Bill by Steve in all the file * '':%s/^M/ /g'' : Delete DOS carriage returns (^M) * '':%s#\s#\r#g'' : cambia espacios (\s) por saltos de línea (\r) en todo el texto. Usamos # como separador * '':%s/\r/\r/g'' : Transform DOS carriage returns in returns * '':%s#<[^>]\+>##g'' : Delete HTML tags but keeps text * '':%s/^\(.*\)\n\1$/\1/'' : Delete lines which appears twice * '':g/string/d'' : Delete all lines containing string * ''g/^$/d'' : borra líneas en blanco -> ''v/./d'' * ''g/^\s*$/d'' : borra líneas en blanco o con espacios/tabuladores * más ejemplos: [[https://vim.fandom.com/wiki/Power_of_g]] * '':v/string/d'' : Delete all lines containing which didn’t contain string * ''Ctrl+a'' : Increment number under the cursor * ''Ctrl+x'' : Decrement number under cursor * ''ggVGg?'' : Change text to Rot13 ==Case * ''Vu'' : Lowercase line * ''VU'' : Uppercase line * ''g~~'' : Invert case * ''vEU'' : Switch word to uppercase * ''vE~'' : Modify word case * ''ggguG'' : Set all text to lowercase * ''gggUG'' : Set all text to uppercase * '':%s/\<./\u&/g'' : Sets first letter of each word to uppercase * '':%s/\<./\l&/g'' : Sets first letter of each word to lowercase * '':%s/.*/\u&'' : Sets first letter of each line to uppercase * '':%s/.*/\l&'' : Sets first letter of each line to lowercase ==Read/Write files * '':1,10 w outfile'' : Saves lines 1 to 10 in outfile * '':1,10 w %%>>%% outfile'' : Appends lines 1 to 10 to outfile * '':r infile'' : Insert the content of infile * '':23r infile'' : Insert the content of infile under line 23 ==File explorer * '':e .'' : Open integrated file explorer * '':Sex'' : Split window and open integrated file explorer * '':Sex!'' : Same as ''Sex'' but split window vertically * '':browse e'' : Graphical file explorer * '':ls'' : List buffers * '':cd ..'' : Move to parent directory * '':args'' : List files * '':args *.php'' : Open file list * '':grep expression *.php'' : Returns a list of .php files contening expression * ''gf'' : Open file name under cursor ==Interact with Unix * '':!pwd'' : Execute the pwd unix command, then returns to Vi * ''!!pwd'' : Execute the pwd unix command and insert output in file * '':sh'' : Temporary returns to Unix * ''$exit'' : Returns to Vi ==Alignment * '':%!fmt'' : Align all lines * ''!}fmt'' : Align all lines at the current position * ''5!!fmt'' : Align the next 5 lines ==Tabs/Windows === cli * ''vim -p '' === manejo * '':tabnew'' : Creates a new tab * '':tabe[dit] '' : abre en nuevo tab * '':tabf[ind] '': abre en nuevo tab buscando por el path * '':set path=%%.,,**%%'' : busca en la ubicación del archivo, en el directorio actual y en los subidrectorios * '':tabclose'' * '':tabonly'' : cierra todos los tabs menos el actual * '':tab split'': duplica el tab actual * '':tabdo %s/foo/bar/g'' : Execute a command in all tabs * '':tab ball'' : Puts all open files in tabs * '':new abc.txt'' : Edit abc.txt in new window * '':qa'' o ''wqa'' : salir de todas las pestañas === movimiento * ''gt'' : Show next tab * '':tabn'' * ''^PgUp'' * ''gT'' : Show previus tab * '':tabp'' : Show previus tab * ''^PgDw'' * '':tabs'' : muestra todos los tabs * '':tabfirst'' : Show first tab * '':tablast'' : Show last tab * '':tabm n'' : reorganizar tabs * ''0'' : mover actual a la primera posición * '' '' : mover actual a la última posición * ''n'' : mover actual a la posición **n** /via: [[http://vim.wikia.com/wiki/Using_tab_pages]] ==Window spliting * '':e filename'' : Edit filename in current window * '':split filename'' : Split the window and open filename * ''ctrl-w up arrow'' : Puts cursor in top window * ''ctrl-w ctrl-w'' : Puts cursor in next window * ''ctrl-w_'' : Maximize current window vertically * ''ctrl-w|'' : Maximize current window horizontally * ''ctrl-w='' : Gives the same size to all windows * ''10 ctrl-w+'' : Add 10 lines to current window * '':vsplit file'' : Split window vertically * '':sview file'' : Same as :split in readonly mode * '':hide'' : Close current window * '':­nly'' : Close all windows, excepted current * '':b 2'' : Open #2 in this window ==Auto-completion * ''Ctrl+n Ctrl+p (in insert mode)'' : Complete word * ''Ctrl+x Ctrl+l'' : Complete line * '':set dictionary=dict'' : Define dict as a dictionnary * ''Ctrl+x Ctrl+k'' : Complete with dictionnary ==Marks * ''m {a-z}'' : Marks current position as {a-z} * '' ' {a-z}'' : Move to position {a-z} * '' ' ' '' : Move to previous position ==Abbreviations * '':ab mail mail@provider.org'' : Define mail as abbreviation of mail@provider.org ==Text indent * ''ctrl-t, ctrl-d'' : Indent/un-indent in insert mode * ''>>'' : Indent * ''<<'' : Un-indent * ''=%'' : Indent the code between parenthesis * ''1GVG='' : Indent the whole file == cifrado * ''%%:X%%'' : pregunta por contraseña para cifrar el fichero a la hora de guardar * '':setlocal cm?'' : show encryption method for the current file (cm abreviación de cryptmethod * '':setlocal cm=zip'' : weak (default for backwards-compatibility) * '':setlocal cm=blowfish'' : better * '':setlocal cm=blowfish2'' : best (requires Vim version 7.4.399 or higher) == Modelines {{tag>pendiente wiki}} http://vim.wikia.com/wiki/Modeline_magic permite modificar el comportamiento del editor (emacs o vim - u otros?) con líneas con estructura === activar por defecto (y razones de seguridad) viene desactivado. Se han de cumplir estas condiciones: * ''set modeline'' está activo (y no ''set nomodeline'') * ''modelines ≠ 0'' * no eres root '':verbose set modeline? modelines?'': mirar si está activo :e $MYVIMRC set modeline set modeline=5 == SETs === búsquedas * ''set (no)ignorecase'' [ic] * ''set (no)hlsearch'' [hls] : marca la búsqueda * ''set (no)incsearch'' [is] * ''set (no)showmatch'' [sm] * ''set (no)ignorecase'' [ic] * ''set (no)incsearch'' [is] === indentación * '':set (no)autoindent'' [ai] : Turn on auto-indent * '':set smartindent'' [si] : Turn on intelligent auto-indent * '':set shiftwidth=4'' : Defines 4 spaces as indent size ===Syntax highlighting * '':syntax on'' : Turn on syntax highlighting * '':syntax off'' : Turn off syntax highlighting * '':set syntax=perl'' : Force syntax highlighting === ayudas * ''set (no)cursorline'' [cul]: línea del cursor "subrayada" * modificar estilos (ojo, también incluye para columna): " \c para activar/desactivar :hi CursorLine cterm=NONE ctermbg=darkred ctermfg=white guibg=darkred guifg=white :hi CursorColumn cterm=NONE ctermbg=darkred ctermfg=white guibg=darkred guifg=white :nnoremap c :set cursorline! cursorcolumn! * ''set (no)number'' [nu]: numeración de líneas * ''set (no)ruler'' [ru]: muestra información de posición del cursor y % de la página * ''set (no)invlist'' : muestra caracteres especiales * ''set (no)paste'' : evita autoindentación de código "pegado" * ''set pastetoggle='' * nnoremap :set invpaste paste? * ''set (no)list'' : visualiza caracteres "ocultos" según establecido * '': set listchars=space:·,eol:$,tab:>-,trail:~,extends:>,precedes:<'' [lcs] * '': help listchars'' [lcs] set pastetoggle= set showmode'' : otra manera de establecer contraseña (se ve la pass, se puede poner en fichero .vimrc)