miguel angel torres egea
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2026-06-18T04:56:21+00:00miguel angel torres egea
https://miguelangel.torresegea.es/wiki/
https://miguelangel.torresegea.es/wiki/_media/wiki:dokuwiki-128.pngtext/html2023-12-22T11:20:26+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)Python Professional Course Series: GUI Programming
https://miguelangel.torresegea.es/wiki/info:cursos:pue:python-pcpp1:m3:1.1?rev=1703244026&do=diff
Python Professional Course Series: GUI Programming
What is GUI?
GUI is an acronym. Moreover, it’s a three-letter acronym, a representative of a well-known class of acronyms which plays a very important role in the IT industry. Okay, that’s enough jokes about TLA’s for one course, all the more thattext/html2023-11-06T09:03:06+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)5.1 Metaprogramming
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5.1 Metaprogramming
Introduction to metaclasses
Metaprogramming is a programming technique in which computer programs have the ability to modify their own or other programs’ codes. It may sound like an idea from a science fiction story, but the idea was born and implemented in the early 1960s.text/html2023-12-28T19:51:18+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)2.3 A small lexicon of widgets - Part 3
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2.3 A small lexicon of widgets - Part 3
There are two remaining widgets we want to tell you about – the first one is just a widget, while the second is, in fact, a set of cooperating widgets.
The Entry widget not only presents a line of text, but is also able totext/html2023-12-28T20:16:56+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)2.4 Shaping the main window and conversing with the user
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2.4 Shaping the main window and conversing with the user
The main window is a very specific construct, as its fate is shared among two masters: you (supported by tkinter) and your operating system. This means than you cannot manage the window like any other widget, as thetext/html2024-01-12T10:56:14+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)1.3 JSON – our new friend
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1.3 JSON – our new friend
Do you sometimes feel that coping with IT issues is a continuous struggle with acronyms? Well, you’re not alone. We share this opinion. An old anecdote says that computer technology development is in fact based on TLA. What is TLA? It's simple – it's a Three-Letter Acronym. Close your eyes, strain your mind and try to recall five acronyms commonly used in the IT world.text/html2023-11-05T20:33:49+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)2.7 Encapsulation
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2.7 Encapsulation
Attribute encapsulation
Encapsulation is one of the fundamental concepts in object-oriented programming (amongst inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction). It describes the idea of bundling attributes and methods that work on those attributes within a class.text/html2023-11-05T21:21:18+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)2.1 PEP 20 – The Zen of Python
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2.1 PEP 20 – The Zen of Python
The Zen of Python is a collection of 19 aphorisms, which reflect the philosophy behind Python, its guiding principles, and design.
Tim Peters, a long time major contributor to the Python programming language and Python community, wrote this 19-line poem on the Python mailing list in 1999, and it became entry #20 in the Python Enhancement Proposals in 2004.text/html2023-12-22T11:49:30+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)1.2 Let TkInter speak!
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1.2 Let TkInter speak!
Importing TkInter
As you already know, from Python's point of view TkInter is a package named tkinter. The package contains a bunch of functions, constants, classes, objects, and modules used to build GUI applications.
The GUItext/html2024-03-05T08:09:50+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)1.2 How to use sockets in Python
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1.2 How to use sockets in Python
How to fetch a document from a server using Python
We are going to write our first program making use of network sockets. Of course, we'll harness Python for this purpose.
Here are our goals:
* we want to writetext/html2024-01-19T10:37:03+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)1.6 Making life easier with the requests module
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1.6 Making life easier with the requests module
We have reached the point where we can start the final stage of our journey – we know enough to communicate with the web service using JSON as an information carrier. Unfortunately, our knowledge needs to be supplemented – we need atext/html2023-12-13T22:19:41+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)3.1 PEP 8 – Introduction
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3.1 PEP 8 – Introduction
As mentioned earlier, PEP 8 is a document that provides coding conventions (code style guide) for Python code.
PEP 8 is considered one of the most important PEPs and a must-read for every professional Python programmer, as it helps to make the code more consistent, more readable, and more efficient.text/html2023-12-19T10:02:28+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)4.1 PEP 257 – Docstring Conventions
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4.1 PEP 257 – Docstring Conventions
What is PEP 257?
PEP 257 is a document created as part of the Python Developer's Guide, which makes an attempt to standardize the high-level structure of docstrings. It outlines the conventions, best practices, and semantics (not laws or regulations!) associated with documenting Python code using docstrings. In short, it tries to answer the following two questions:text/html2023-12-28T11:29:30+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)1.6 Events and how to handle them
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1.6 Events and how to handle them
Event handling
As you already know, events are the fuel which propel the application’s movements. All events come to the event manager, which is responsible for dispatching them to all the application components. This also means that some of the events may launch some of your callbacks, which makes you responsible for preparing the proper reactions to the user’s actions.text/html2023-11-05T20:32:38+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)2.2 Inheritance and polymorphism — Inheritance as a pillar of OOP
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2.2 Inheritance and polymorphism — Inheritance as a pillar of OOP
Inheritance is one of the fundamental concepts of object oriented programming, and expresses the fundamental relationships between classes: superclasses (parents) and their subclasses (descendants). Inheritance creates a class hierarchy. Any object bound to a specific level of class hierarchy inherits all the traits (methods and attributes) defined inside any of the superclasses.text/html2023-11-05T20:31:42+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)1.1 Classes, Instances, Attributes, Methods — introduction
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1.1 Classes, Instances, Attributes, Methods — introduction
Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming
This module addresses the advanced Object Oriented Programming (OOP) issues that are at the heart of Python programming.
The object-oriented approach is an evolution of good design practices that go back to the very beginning of computer programming.text/html2023-11-05T20:33:38+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)2.6 Abstract classes
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2.6 Abstract classes
Python is considered to be a very flexible programming language, but that doesn’t mean that there are no controls to impose a set of functionalities or an order in a class hierarchy. When you develop a system in a group of programmers, it would be useful to have some means of establishing requirements for classes in matters of interfaces (methods) exposed by each class.text/html2023-11-05T20:34:56+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)4.2 Serialization of Python objects using the pickle module
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4.2 Serialization of Python objects using the pickle module
In this section, you will learn how to persist Python objects for later use.
Pickling is the process of preserving or extending the lifespan of food. The resulting food is called a pickle, and to prevent ambiguity, prefaced with the 'pickled' adjective.text/html2024-01-19T11:22:27+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)1.7 Four magic letters: CRUD
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1.7 Four magic letters: CRUD
Entering a non-existing/malformed address
We’ve reached the point in which we are ready to gather all new facts and tools and glue all these pieces into one functional block. You already know how HTTP works, how it’ is mounted on top of the TCP stack and how thetext/html2023-11-05T20:32:04+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)1.2 Working with class and instance data – instance variables
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1.2 Working with class and instance data – instance variables
Instance variables
This kind of variable exists when and only when it is explicitly created and added to an object. This can be done during the object's initialization, performed by thetext/html2023-11-05T20:33:26+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)2.5 Different faces of Python methods
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2.5 Different faces of Python methods
Until now, we’ve been implementing methods that have performed operations on the instances (objects), and in particular the attributes of the instance, so we’ve called them instance methods.
The instance methods, as the first parameter, take thetext/html2023-11-05T20:34:25+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)3.1 Advanced techniques of creating and serving exceptions
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3.1 Advanced techniques of creating and serving exceptions
In this module, we'll talk about Python exceptions – objects that represent errors which occur during the execution of a program that disrupts the normal flow of the program's instructions.text/html2023-12-28T18:35:52+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)1.8 Interacting with widget methods
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1.8 Interacting with widget methods
Widget methods
Widgets have methods – you’ve met some of them already. Now we’re going to show you a few more of them, and we’ll start with two which seem to be very specific. We can even say that the sense of their existence is very closely bound to the unique features oftext/html2023-12-28T19:09:39+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)2.1 A small lexicon of widgets - Part 1
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2.1 A small lexicon of widgets - Part 1
A small lexicon of widgets
Now we’re ready to present a systematized set of some of the tkinter widgets. We aren’t able to describe all of them, however – it would bloat our course to an unmanageable size. We’re convinced that our collection is large enough to make you familiar withtext/html2024-01-18T18:05:25+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)1.5 What is XML and why do we prefer to use JSON?
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1.5 What is XML and why do we prefer to use JSON?
XML is a language. Anyway, this is what it thinks about itself. Note – it isn't a programming language, and although it is possible to build a real programming language on top of XML, it wasn't (and still isn't) its native niche.text/html2024-03-04T12:54:48+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)1.1 SQLite
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1.1 SQLite
What is a database?
Nowadays, social applications such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram are very popular. Every day many people create new accounts, and existing users add or share different content. You’ve surely noticed that the data sent to those applications are still available after a few days, or even years. Do you know how that’s possible?text/html2023-11-05T20:32:21+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)2.1 Python core syntax
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2.1 Python core syntax
So far we have been using Python core operations that allow us to operate on strings, lists, integers, and floats. It’s natural for us to formulate expressions using algebraic symbols representing operators, or to get a number of elements in a sequence or dictionary.text/html2023-11-05T20:32:53+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)2.3 Extended function argument syntax
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2.3 Extended function argument syntax
When we talk about function arguments, we should recall the following facts:
* some functions can be invoked without arguments;
* functions may require a specific number of arguments with no exclusions; we have to pass a required number of arguments in an imposed order to follow function definition;text/html2023-11-05T20:33:07+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)2.4 Decorators
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2.4 Decorators
A decorator is one of the design patterns that describes the structure of related objects. Python is able to decorate functions, methods, and classes.
The decorator's operation is based on wrapping the original function with a new «text/html2023-11-05T20:34:02+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)2.8 Composition vs Inheritance - two ways to the same destination
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2.8 Composition vs Inheritance - two ways to the same destination
So far we've been using and following the inheritance concept when modeling our classes to represent real-life issues. Inheritance is a great concept, one of the most important foundations of object-oriented programming that models a tight relation between two classes: the base class and the derived class, called a subclass.text/html2023-11-05T20:45:11+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)1.1 What is PEP?
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1.1 What is PEP?
PEP may refer to several things:
* football (soccer) fans will definitely associate it with the famous ex-footballer and football manager, Josep Guardiola, whose nickname is (guess what) Pep;
* those who have medical jobs will surely think of post-exposure prophylaxis, which in turn has to do with taking preventive medical measures after contact with pathogens;text/html2023-12-23T18:49:05+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)1.3 Settling widgets in the window's interior
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1.3 Settling widgets in the window's interior
Settling widgets
A familiarity with the Button widget allows us to show you some ways of putting the widgets (not only the buttons) inside windows. There are more of them than just place(), which you learned about in the previous section. To be precise, there aretext/html2023-12-23T19:05:35+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)1.4 Coloring your widgets
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1.4 Coloring your widgets
Adding colors
Nearly everything you put inside your windows may be colored. Most widgets have dedicated properties to handle their colors and we will tell you about them while discussing the widgets themselves. Currently, the most important thing is getting to know how the colors are described intext/html2023-12-23T19:33:06+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)1.5 A simple GUI application
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1.5 A simple GUI application
Building a GUI application from scratch
Now we're going to build a very simple and rather useless GUI application. Does that sound weird? Maybe, but the application, when ready, will make you more accustomed to some tkintertext/html2023-12-28T19:24:08+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)2.2 A small lexicon of widgets - Part 2
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2.2 A small lexicon of widgets - Part 2
Non-clickable widgets
The next four widgets fall into the non-clickable category. They’re designed to present textual information and don’t have a command property, although you can use bind() to simulate similar behavior.text/html2024-01-08T19:15:28+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)1.1 Python Professional Course Series: RESTful APIs
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1.1 Python Professional Course Series: RESTful APIs
Some words about REST
The word you see below may look a little enigmatic: REST
Are we going to convince you to take a rest? Not at all. On the contrary, we want to encourage you to start the next part of our adventure - very demanding and completely new. We'll show you not Python itself, but a very specific kind of machinery (do not take this literally) which drives lots of contemporary computer systems, especially those which work on the In…text/html2024-01-12T11:34:00+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)1.4 Talking to JSON in Python
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1.4 Talking to JSON in Python
Working with the JSON module in Python
Now that we're familiar with JSON essentials, it's time to learn how to use it with Python. We're a little worried you may think that we want you to laboriously build JSON messages, fretting over all these brackets, parentheses and colons, and to break down complex JSON lines into prime factors. Nothing could be further from the truth! We’re not in the habit of coming up with such crazy ideas, although, to be honest, it's not…text/html2024-03-04T10:37:30+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)2.1 File processing - XML files
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2.1 File processing - XML files
XML processing in Python
Python is commonly used to process various types of data. Perhaps, while working as a programmer, you'll have to read or create a data file in the XML format. Soon, doing that will be a piece of cake.text/html2024-03-04T12:24:39+00:00Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)4.1 Logging in Python
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4.1 Logging in Python
Logging in Python
The Python Standard Library provides a useful module called logging to log events occurring in the application. Logs are most often used to find the cause of an error. By default, Python and its modules provide many logs informing you of the causes of errors. However, it's good practice to create your own logs that may be useful to you or other programmers.