vim [miguel angel torres egea]

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= vim
~~NOTOC~~
{{tag>linux}}
/vía: [[https://www.catswhocode.com/blog/vim-cheat-sheet-for-2016]]\\
<del>/vía:[[http://www.catswhocode.com/blog/130-essential-vim-commands]]</del>

== info
  * [[linux:vim:vimrc]]
  * [[linux:vim:mlechon1aldia]]


==Plugins/extensiones/personalización
<callout type="warning" title="Pendiente: modificación status line" icon="true">https://kadekillary.work/post/statusline/</callout>
<callout type="warning" title="Pendiente: modificación status line" icon="true">[[https://gist.github.com/millermedeiros/1262085]]</callout>

  * gestión/instalación plugins en sus propios directorios (runtimepath): [[https://github.com/tpope/vim-pathogen]]
    * crear dos directorios: ''~/.vim/autoload'' (ubicación vim-pathogen.vim) y ''~/.vim/bundle'' (home_directory de los plugins)
    * modificar **.vimrc** añadiendo ''execute pathogen#infect()''
  * stateline.vim (requiere pathogen.vim):<code bash>cd ~/.vim/bundle
git clone https://github.com/millermedeiros/vim-statline.git</code>

== config
<code bash>
# cambiar editor por defecto
$ sudo update-alternatives --config editor
</code>

== Basics
  * **[N] acción moción**
  * acciones:
    * d - delete
    * c - caracter sustitución
    * >,< - indentación, desindentación
    * gU,u - uppercase
    * y - copiar
  * moción
    * w - palabra
    * e - final de palabra
    * b - palabra anterior
    * ^ - principio de línea
    * $ - final de linea
    * gg - principio documento
    * G - final de documento
    * iw - inside word
    * aw - arorund word
  * . - repite última edición

== more Basics
  * '':e'' filename : Open filename for edition
  * '':w'' : Save file
  * '':q'' : Exit Vim
  * '':q!'' : Quit without saving
  * ''%%:x%%'' : Write file (if changes has been made) and exit
  * '':sav'' filename : Saves file as filename
  * ''.'' : Repeats the last change made in normal mode
  * ''5.'' : Repeats 5 times the last change made in normal mode

==Moving in the file
  * ''0'' : move the cursor to the begining of the line
  * ''G'' o ''$'' : move the cursor to the end of the file
  * ''gg'' : move the cursor to the begining of the file
  * '':59'' : move cursor to line 59. Replace 59 by the desired line number.
  * ''k or Up Arrow'' : move the cursor up one line
  * ''j or Down Arrow'' : move the cursor down one line
  * ''e'' : move the cursor to the end of the word
  * ''b'' : move the cursor to the begining of the word
  * ''L'' : move the cursor to the bottom of the screen
  * ''20|'' : move cursor to column 20.
  * ''%'' : Move cursor to matching parenthesis
  * ''%%[[%%'' : Jump to function start
  * ''%%[{%%'' : Jump to block start

==Cut, copy & paste
  * ''y'' : Copy the selected text to clipboard
  * ''p'' : Paste clipboard contents
  * ''dd'' : Cut current line
  * ''yy'' : Copy current line
  * ''y$'' : Copy to end of line
  * ''D'' : Cut to end of line

==Search
  * ''/word'' : Search word from top to bottom
  * ''?word'' : Search word from bottom to top
  * ''''* : Search the word under cursor
  * ''/\cstring'' : Search STRING or string, case insensitive
  * ''/jo[ha]n'' : Search john or joan
  * ''/\< the''	Search the, theatre or then
  * ''/the\>'' : Search the or breathe
  * ''/\< the\>'' : Search the
  * ''/\< ¦.\>'' : Search all words of 4 letters
  * ''/\/'' : Search fred but not alfred or frederick
  * ''/fred\|joe'' : Search fred or joe
  * ''/\<\d\d\d\d\>'' : Search exactly 4 digits
  * ''/^\n\{3}'' : Find 3 empty lines
  * '':bufdo /searchstr/'' : Search in all open files
  * ''bufdo %s/something/somethingelse/g'' : Search something in all the open buffers and replace it with somethingelse

==Replace
  * comando:<code bash>:[rango]s[ubstitute]/{pattern}/{string}/[flags] [count]
</code>
  * Rango:
    * ''%'' : de la primera a la última línea
    * ''1,3'' : de la línea 1 a 3
    * ''3,$'' : de la línea 3 al final de fichero
  * Flags:
    * ''g'' : global (en el ámbito, todas las sustituciones posibles)
    * ''i'' : case insensitive
    * ''c'' : confirmación
  * Pattern:
    * ''string'' : busca la cadena
    * ''^'' : principio de línea
    * ''$'' : final de línea
  * Ejemplos:
    * '':s/Bill/Steve/'' : Replace the first occurence of Bill by Steve in current line
    * '':s/Bill/Steve/g'' : Replace Bill by Steve in current line
    * '':2,35s/old/new/g'' : Replace all occurences between lines 2 and 35
    * '':5,$s/old/new/g'' : Replace all occurences from line 5 to EOF
    * '':%s/old/new/g'' : Replace all occurences of old by new in file
    * '':%s/onward/forward/gi'' : Replace onward by forward, case unsensitive
    * '':%s/old/new/gc'' : Replace all occurences with confirmation
    * '':%s/^/hello/g'' : Replace the begining of each line by hello
    * '':%s/$/Harry/g'' : Replace the end of each line by Harry
    * '':%s/onward/forward/gi'' : Replace onward by forward, case unsensitive
    * '':%s/ *$/ /g'' : Delete all white spaces
    * '':%s/Bill/Steve/g'' : Replace Bill by Steve in all the file
    * '':%s/^M/ /g'' : Delete DOS carriage returns (^M)
    * '':%s#\s#\r#g'' : cambia espacios (\s) por saltos de línea (\r) en todo el texto. Usamos # como separador
    * '':%s/\r/\r/g'' : Transform DOS carriage returns in returns
    * '':%s#<[^>]\+>##g'' : Delete HTML tags but keeps text
    * '':%s/^\(.*\)\n\1$/\1/'' : Delete lines which appears twice
    * '':g/string/d'' : Delete all lines containing string
      * ''g/^$/d'' : borra líneas en blanco -> ''v/./d''
      * ''g/^\s*$/d'' : borra líneas en blanco o con espacios/tabuladores
      * más ejemplos: [[https://vim.fandom.com/wiki/Power_of_g]]
    * '':v/string/d'' : Delete all lines containing which didn’t contain string


  * ''Ctrl+a'' : Increment number under the cursor
  * ''Ctrl+x'' : Decrement number under cursor
  * ''ggVGg?'' : Change text to Rot13


==Case
  * ''Vu'' : Lowercase line
  * ''VU'' : Uppercase line
  * ''g~~'' : Invert case
  * ''vEU'' : Switch word to uppercase
  * ''vE~'' : Modify word case
  * ''ggguG'' : Set all text to lowercase
  * ''gggUG'' : Set all text to uppercase
  * '':%s/\<./\u&/g'' : Sets first letter of each word to uppercase
  * '':%s/\<./\l&/g'' : Sets first letter of each word to lowercase
  * '':%s/.*/\u&'' : Sets first letter of each line to uppercase
  * '':%s/.*/\l&'' : Sets first letter of each line to lowercase


==Read/Write files
  * '':1,10 w outfile'' : Saves lines 1 to 10 in outfile
  * '':1,10 w %%>>%% outfile'' : Appends lines 1 to 10 to outfile
  * '':r infile'' : Insert the content of infile
  * '':23r infile'' : Insert the content of infile under line 23

==File explorer
  * '':e .'' : Open integrated file explorer
  * '':Sex'' : Split window and open integrated file explorer
  * '':Sex!'' : Same as ''Sex'' but split window vertically
  * '':browse e'' : Graphical file explorer
  * '':ls'' : List buffers
  * '':cd ..'' : Move to parent directory
  * '':args'' : List files
  * '':args *.php'' : Open file list
  * '':grep expression *.php'' : Returns a list of .php files contening expression
  * ''gf'' : Open file name under cursor

==Interact with Unix
  * '':!pwd'' : Execute the pwd unix command, then returns to Vi
  * ''!!pwd'' : Execute the pwd unix command and insert output in file
  * '':sh'' : Temporary returns to Unix
  * ''$exit'' : Returns to Vi

==Alignment
  * '':%!fmt'' : Align all lines
  * ''!}fmt'' : Align all lines at the current position
  * ''5!!fmt'' : Align the next 5 lines

==Tabs/Windows
=== cli
  * ''vim -p <archivo1> <archivo2>''

=== manejo
  * '':tabnew'' : Creates a new tab
  * '':tabe[dit] <file>'' : abre <file> en nuevo tab
  * '':tabf[ind] <file>'': abre <file> en nuevo tab buscando por el path
    * '':set path=%%.,,**%%'' : busca en la ubicación del archivo, en el directorio actual y en los subidrectorios
  * '':tabclose''
  * '':tabonly'' : cierra todos los tabs menos el actual
  * '':tab split'': duplica el tab actual


  * '':tabdo %s/foo/bar/g'' : Execute a command in all tabs
  * '':tab ball'' : Puts all open files in tabs
  * '':new abc.txt'' : Edit abc.txt in new window
  * '':qa'' o ''wqa'' : salir de todas las pestañas

=== movimiento
  * ''gt'' : Show next tab
    * '':tabn''
    * ''^PgUp''
  * ''gT'' : Show previus tab
    * '':tabp'' : Show previus tab
    * ''^PgDw''
  * '':tabs'' : muestra todos los tabs
  * '':tabfirst'' : Show first tab
  * '':tablast'' : Show last tab


  * '':tabm n'' : reorganizar tabs
    * ''0'' : mover actual a la primera posición
    * '' '' : mover actual a la última posición
    * ''n'' : mover actual a la posición **n**

/via: [[http://vim.wikia.com/wiki/Using_tab_pages]]

==Window spliting
  * '':e filename'' : Edit filename in current window
  * '':split filename'' : Split the window and open filename
  * ''ctrl-w up arrow'' : Puts cursor in top window
  * ''ctrl-w ctrl-w'' : Puts cursor in next window
  * ''ctrl-w_'' : Maximize current window vertically
  * ''ctrl-w|'' : Maximize current window horizontally
  * ''ctrl-w='' : Gives the same size to all windows
  * ''10 ctrl-w+'' : Add 10 lines to current window
  * '':vsplit file'' : Split window vertically
  * '':sview file'' : Same as :split in readonly mode
  * '':hide'' : Close current window
  * '':nly'' : Close all windows, excepted current
  * '':b 2'' : Open #2 in this window

==Auto-completion
  * ''Ctrl+n Ctrl+p (in insert mode)'' : Complete word
  * ''Ctrl+x Ctrl+l'' : Complete line
  * '':set dictionary=dict'' : Define dict as a dictionnary
  * ''Ctrl+x Ctrl+k'' : Complete with dictionnary

==Marks
  * ''m {a-z}'' : Marks current position as {a-z}
  * '' ' {a-z}'' : Move to position {a-z}
  * '' ' ' '' : Move to previous position

==Abbreviations
  * '':ab mail mail@provider.org'' : Define mail as abbreviation of mail@provider.org

 
==Text indent
  * ''ctrl-t, ctrl-d'' : Indent/un-indent in insert mode
  * ''>>'' : Indent
  * ''<<'' : Un-indent
  * ''=%'' : Indent the code between parenthesis
  * ''1GVG='' : Indent the whole file


== cifrado
  * ''%%:X%%'' : pregunta por contraseña para cifrar el fichero a la hora de guardar
  * '':setlocal cm?'' : show encryption method for the current file (cm abreviación de cryptmethod
  * '':setlocal cm=zip'' : weak (default for backwards-compatibility)
  * '':setlocal cm=blowfish'' : better
  * '':setlocal cm=blowfish2'' : best (requires Vim version 7.4.399 or higher)
 

== Modelines
{{tag>pendiente wiki}}
<callout type="warning" title="mirar e integrar" icon="true">http://vim.wikia.com/wiki/Modeline_magic</callout>
permite modificar el comportamiento del editor (emacs o vim - u otros?) con líneas con estructura
=== activar
por defecto (y razones de seguridad) viene desactivado. Se han de cumplir estas condiciones:
  * ''set modeline'' está activo (y no ''set nomodeline'')
  * ''modelines ≠ 0''
  * no eres root

'':verbose set modeline? modelines?'': mirar si está activo
<code bash>
:e $MYVIMRC
set modeline
set modeline=5
</code>
== SETs
=== búsquedas
  * ''set (no)ignorecase'' [ic]
  * ''set (no)hlsearch'' [hls] : marca la búsqueda
  * ''set (no)incsearch'' [is]
  * ''set (no)showmatch'' [sm]
  * ''set (no)ignorecase'' [ic]
  * ''set (no)incsearch'' [is]

=== indentación
  * '':set (no)autoindent'' [ai] : Turn on auto-indent
  * '':set smartindent'' [si] : Turn on intelligent auto-indent
  * '':set shiftwidth=4'' : Defines 4 spaces as indent size

===Syntax highlighting
  * '':syntax on'' : Turn on syntax highlighting
  * '':syntax off'' : Turn off syntax highlighting
  * '':set syntax=perl'' : Force syntax highlighting

=== ayudas
  * ''set (no)cursorline'' [cul]: línea del cursor "subrayada"
    * modificar estilos (ojo, también incluye para columna):<code vim http://vim.wikia.com/wiki/Highlight_current_line>
" \c para activar/desactivar
:hi CursorLine   cterm=NONE ctermbg=darkred ctermfg=white guibg=darkred guifg=white
:hi CursorColumn cterm=NONE ctermbg=darkred ctermfg=white guibg=darkred guifg=white
:nnoremap <Leader>c :set cursorline! cursorcolumn!<CR>
</code>
  * ''set (no)number'' [nu]: numeración de líneas
  * ''set (no)ruler'' [ru]: muestra información de posición del cursor y % de la página
  * ''set (no)invlist'' : muestra caracteres especiales
  * ''set (no)paste'' : evita autoindentación de código "pegado"
    * ''set pastetoggle=<F2>''
    * <code vim .vimrc>nnoremap <F2> :set invpaste paste?<CR>
  * ''set (no)list'' : visualiza caracteres "ocultos" según establecido
    * '': set listchars=space:·,eol:$,tab:>-,trail:~,extends:>,precedes:<'' [lcs]
    * '': help listchars'' [lcs]
set pastetoggle=<F2>
set showmode</code

=== otros
  * '':set smartcase''	Ignore case in searches excepted if an uppercase letter is used
  * '':set key=<password>'' : otra manera de establecer contraseña (se ve la pass, se puede poner en fichero .vimrc)