linux:vim:comandos

vim

/vía: https://www.catswhocode.com/blog/vim-cheat-sheet-for-2016
/vía:http://www.catswhocode.com/blog/130-essential-vim-commands

info

Plugins/extensiones/personalización

Pendiente: modificación status line

https://kadekillary.work/post/statusline/

Pendiente: modificación status line

https://gist.github.com/millermedeiros/1262085
  • gestión/instalación plugins en sus propios directorios (runtimepath): https://github.com/tpope/vim-pathogen
    • crear dos directorios: ~/.vim/autoload (ubicación vim-pathogen.vim) y ~/.vim/bundle (home_directory de los plugins)
    • modificar .vimrc añadiendo execute pathogen#infect()
  • stateline.vim (requiere pathogen.vim):
    cd ~/.vim/bundle
git clone https://github.com/millermedeiros/vim-statline.git

config

# cambiar editor por defecto
$ sudo update-alternatives --config editor

Basics

  • [N] acción moción
  • acciones:
    • d - delete
    • c - caracter sustitución
    • >,< - indentación, desindentación
    • gU,u - uppercase
    • y - copiar
  • moción
    • w - palabra
    • e - final de palabra
    • b - palabra anterior
    • ^ - principio de línea
    • $ - final de linea
    • gg - principio documento
    • G - final de documento
    • iw - inside word
    • aw - arorund word
  • . - repite última edición

more Basics

  • :e filename : Open filename for edition
  • :w : Save file
  • :q : Exit Vim
  • :q! : Quit without saving
  • :x : Write file (if changes has been made) and exit
  • :sav filename : Saves file as filename
  • . : Repeats the last change made in normal mode
  • 5. : Repeats 5 times the last change made in normal mode

Moving in the file

  • 0 : move the cursor to the begining of the line
  • G o $ : move the cursor to the end of the file
  • gg : move the cursor to the begining of the file
  • :59 : move cursor to line 59. Replace 59 by the desired line number.
  • k or Up Arrow : move the cursor up one line
  • j or Down Arrow : move the cursor down one line
  • e : move the cursor to the end of the word
  • b : move the cursor to the begining of the word
  • L : move the cursor to the bottom of the screen
  • 20| : move cursor to column 20.
  • % : Move cursor to matching parenthesis
  • [[ : Jump to function start
  • [{ : Jump to block start

Cut, copy & paste

  • y : Copy the selected text to clipboard
  • p : Paste clipboard contents
  • dd : Cut current line
  • yy : Copy current line
  • y$ : Copy to end of line
  • D : Cut to end of line

Search

  • /word : Search word from top to bottom
  • ?word : Search word from bottom to top
  • * : Search the word under cursor
  • /\cstring : Search STRING or string, case insensitive
  • /jo[ha]n : Search john or joan
  • /\< the Search the, theatre or then
  • /the\> : Search the or breathe
  • /\< the\> : Search the
  • /\< ¦.\> : Search all words of 4 letters
  • /\/ : Search fred but not alfred or frederick
  • /fred\|joe : Search fred or joe
  • /\<\d\d\d\d\> : Search exactly 4 digits
  • /^\n\{3} : Find 3 empty lines
  • :bufdo /searchstr/ : Search in all open files
  • bufdo %s/something/somethingelse/g : Search something in all the open buffers and replace it with somethingelse

Replace

  • comando:
    :[rango]s[ubstitute]/{pattern}/{string}/[flags] [count]
  • Rango:
    • % : de la primera a la última línea
    • 1,3 : de la línea 1 a 3
    • 3,$ : de la línea 3 al final de fichero
  • Flags:
    • g : global (en el ámbito, todas las sustituciones posibles)
    • i : case insensitive
    • c : confirmación
  • Pattern:
    • string : busca la cadena
    • ^ : principio de línea
    • $ : final de línea
  • Ejemplos:
    • :s/Bill/Steve/ : Replace the first occurence of Bill by Steve in current line
    • :s/Bill/Steve/g : Replace Bill by Steve in current line
    • :2,35s/old/new/g : Replace all occurences between lines 2 and 35
    • :5,$s/old/new/g : Replace all occurences from line 5 to EOF
    • :%s/old/new/g : Replace all occurences of old by new in file
    • :%s/onward/forward/gi : Replace onward by forward, case unsensitive
    • :%s/old/new/gc : Replace all occurences with confirmation
    • :%s/^/hello/g : Replace the begining of each line by hello
    • :%s/$/Harry/g : Replace the end of each line by Harry
    • :%s/onward/forward/gi : Replace onward by forward, case unsensitive
    • :%s/ *$/ /g : Delete all white spaces
    • :%s/Bill/Steve/g : Replace Bill by Steve in all the file
    • :%s/^M/ /g : Delete DOS carriage returns (^M)
    • :%s#\s#\r#g : cambia espacios (\s) por saltos de línea (\r) en todo el texto. Usamos # como separador
    • :%s/\r/\r/g : Transform DOS carriage returns in returns
    • :%s#<[^>]\+>##g : Delete HTML tags but keeps text
    • :%s/^\(.*\)\n\1$/\1/ : Delete lines which appears twice
    • :g/string/d : Delete all lines containing string
    • :v/string/d : Delete all lines containing which didn’t contain string
  • Ctrl+a : Increment number under the cursor
  • Ctrl+x : Decrement number under cursor
  • ggVGg? : Change text to Rot13

Case

  • Vu : Lowercase line
  • VU : Uppercase line
  • g~~ : Invert case
  • vEU : Switch word to uppercase
  • vE~ : Modify word case
  • ggguG : Set all text to lowercase
  • gggUG : Set all text to uppercase
  • :%s/\<./\u&/g : Sets first letter of each word to uppercase
  • :%s/\<./\l&/g : Sets first letter of each word to lowercase
  • :%s/.*/\u& : Sets first letter of each line to uppercase
  • :%s/.*/\l& : Sets first letter of each line to lowercase

Read/Write files

  • :1,10 w outfile : Saves lines 1 to 10 in outfile
  • :1,10 w >> outfile : Appends lines 1 to 10 to outfile
  • :r infile : Insert the content of infile
  • :23r infile : Insert the content of infile under line 23

File explorer

  • :e . : Open integrated file explorer
  • :Sex : Split window and open integrated file explorer
  • :Sex! : Same as Sex but split window vertically
  • :browse e : Graphical file explorer
  • :ls : List buffers
  • :cd .. : Move to parent directory
  • :args : List files
  • :args *.php : Open file list
  • :grep expression *.php : Returns a list of .php files contening expression
  • gf : Open file name under cursor

Interact with Unix

  • :!pwd : Execute the pwd unix command, then returns to Vi
  • !!pwd : Execute the pwd unix command and insert output in file
  • :sh : Temporary returns to Unix
  • $exit : Returns to Vi

Alignment

  • :%!fmt : Align all lines
  • !}fmt : Align all lines at the current position
  • 5!!fmt : Align the next 5 lines

Tabs/Windows

cli

  • vim -p <archivo1> <archivo2>

manejo

  • :tabnew : Creates a new tab
  • :tabe[dit] <file> : abre <file> en nuevo tab
  • :tabf[ind] <file>: abre <file> en nuevo tab buscando por el path
    • :set path=.,,** : busca en la ubicación del archivo, en el directorio actual y en los subidrectorios
  • :tabclose
  • :tabonly : cierra todos los tabs menos el actual
  • :tab split: duplica el tab actual
  • :tabdo %s/foo/bar/g : Execute a command in all tabs
  • :tab ball : Puts all open files in tabs
  • :new abc.txt : Edit abc.txt in new window
  • :qa o wqa : salir de todas las pestañas

movimiento

  • gt : Show next tab
    • :tabn
    • ^PgUp
  • gT : Show previus tab
    • :tabp : Show previus tab
    • ^PgDw
  • :tabs : muestra todos los tabs
  • :tabfirst : Show first tab
  • :tablast : Show last tab
  • :tabm n : reorganizar tabs
    • 0 : mover actual a la primera posición
    • : mover actual a la última posición
    • n : mover actual a la posición n

/via: http://vim.wikia.com/wiki/Using_tab_pages

Window spliting

  • :e filename : Edit filename in current window
  • :split filename : Split the window and open filename
  • ctrl-w up arrow : Puts cursor in top window
  • ctrl-w ctrl-w : Puts cursor in next window
  • ctrl-w_ : Maximize current window vertically
  • ctrl-w| : Maximize current window horizontally
  • ctrl-w= : Gives the same size to all windows
  • 10 ctrl-w+ : Add 10 lines to current window
  • :vsplit file : Split window vertically
  • :sview file : Same as :split in readonly mode
  • :hide : Close current window
  • :­nly : Close all windows, excepted current
  • :b 2 : Open #2 in this window

Auto-completion

  • Ctrl+n Ctrl+p (in insert mode) : Complete word
  • Ctrl+x Ctrl+l : Complete line
  • :set dictionary=dict : Define dict as a dictionnary
  • Ctrl+x Ctrl+k : Complete with dictionnary

Marks

  • m {a-z} : Marks current position as {a-z}
  • ' {a-z} : Move to position {a-z}
  • ' ' : Move to previous position

Abbreviations

  • :ab mail mail@provider.org : Define mail as abbreviation of mail@provider.org

Text indent

  • ctrl-t, ctrl-d : Indent/un-indent in insert mode
  • » : Indent
  • « : Un-indent
  • =% : Indent the code between parenthesis
  • 1GVG= : Indent the whole file

cifrado

  • :X : pregunta por contraseña para cifrar el fichero a la hora de guardar
  • :setlocal cm? : show encryption method for the current file (cm abreviación de cryptmethod
  • :setlocal cm=zip : weak (default for backwards-compatibility)
  • :setlocal cm=blowfish : better
  • :setlocal cm=blowfish2 : best (requires Vim version 7.4.399 or higher)

Modelines

,

mirar e integrar

http://vim.wikia.com/wiki/Modeline_magic

permite modificar el comportamiento del editor (emacs o vim - u otros?) con líneas con estructura

activar

por defecto (y razones de seguridad) viene desactivado. Se han de cumplir estas condiciones:

  • set modeline está activo (y no set nomodeline)
  • modelines ≠ 0
  • no eres root

:verbose set modeline? modelines?: mirar si está activo 

:e $MYVIMRC
set modeline
set modeline=5

SETs

búsquedas

  • set (no)ignorecase [ic]
  • set (no)hlsearch [hls] : marca la búsqueda
  • set (no)incsearch [is]
  • set (no)showmatch [sm]
  • set (no)ignorecase [ic]
  • set (no)incsearch [is]

indentación

  • :set (no)autoindent [ai] : Turn on auto-indent
  • :set smartindent [si] : Turn on intelligent auto-indent
  • :set shiftwidth=4 : Defines 4 spaces as indent size

Syntax highlighting

  • :syntax on : Turn on syntax highlighting
  • :syntax off : Turn off syntax highlighting
  • :set syntax=perl : Force syntax highlighting

ayudas

  • set (no)cursorline [cul]: línea del cursor «subrayada»
    • modificar estilos (ojo, también incluye para columna):
      http://vim.wikia.com/wiki/Highlight_current_line
      " \c para activar/desactivar
:hi CursorLine   cterm=NONE ctermbg=darkred ctermfg=white guibg=darkred guifg=white
:hi CursorColumn cterm=NONE ctermbg=darkred ctermfg=white guibg=darkred guifg=white
:nnoremap <Leader>c :set cursorline! cursorcolumn!<CR>
  • set (no)number [nu]: numeración de líneas
  • set (no)ruler [ru]: muestra información de posición del cursor y % de la página
  • set (no)invlist : muestra caracteres especiales
  • set (no)paste : evita autoindentación de código «pegado»
    • set pastetoggle=<F2>
    • <code vim .vimrc>nnoremap <F2> :set invpaste paste?<CR>
  • set (no)list : visualiza caracteres «ocultos» según establecido
    • : set listchars=space:·,eol:$,tab:>-,trail:~,extends:>,precedes:< [lcs]
    • : help listchars [lcs]

set pastetoggle=<F2> set showmode</code

otros

  • :set smartcase Ignore case in searches excepted if an uppercase letter is used
  • :set key=<password> : otra manera de establecer contraseña (se ve la pass, se puede poner en fichero .vimrc)
  • linux/vim/comandos.txt
  • Darrera modificació: 07/11/2020 14:25
  • per admin